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There are three majour ions that play a role in the cardiac conduction system. Soduim Soduim is slat mineral found in rock. It also comes in a liquid and is used in the heart. The hearts electrical impulses work on a thershold level of triggering depolarisation. Once the heart reaches a threshold for fireing impulses all the pacemakers depolarise. Soduim NA+ plays a role in the heart by determing the time of the threshold for depolarisation. The more soduim you have, the faster the threshold is reach so the pacemakers fire faster, like wise, the less soduim you have the slower the threshold for depolarisation and thus a decreases in heart rate. Pottasuim K+ Pottasium in the heart allows repolarisation to occur. K+ allows the heart cells to repolarise by dropping the threshold potential and this will re-open NA+ channels so that the threshold level is reached once more. K+ in the heart is a clear liquid. Calcuim Calcuim CA+ determinds the strength of cardiac contraction. The more CA+ you have the stronger the contraction and the less CA+ you have the weaker the contraction. Calcuim is also found in bones, however it is a key ion is muscles and it works with pre-load and the heart.
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