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we would all obviously die
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The temperature on Earth will become so hot that no living animal, human or plant could survive.
then it would hardly have vegetation and human life would not exist
They are the foundation without producers there would be no life on Earth.
We would die by the solar radiation
If we did not have the Magnetosphere we would die from harmful Solar Wind that the Magnetosphere blocks. The Magnetosphere is like our personal shield along with our atmosphere!
The Earth's magnetosphere acts as a shield, protecting the planet from the solar wind and cosmic radiation by deflecting charged particles. It also helps prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away into space. The magnetosphere interacts with the solar wind, forming a protective barrier around the Earth.
If the outer core were to solidify, it is likely Earth would lose its magnetosphere which is shielding the planet from the solar winds. The atmosphere would eventually be stripped away, and with it, surface water.
It would be just like it is, the same things would happen with or without seismologists. (just as it would with or without any other humans)
Yes. Mars has a thin atmosphere despite not having a magnetosphere. A planet-sized Faraday cage would probably be impossible as it would likely collapse under its own gravity.
Forget the atmosphere . . . if the magnetosphere went away, people would die horrible deaths and be largely gone in a couple of months. The magnetosphere helps carry damaging Solar particles to the south and north poles and then out into space. (Along with the Van Allen belt) If the atmosphere went away, people and animals would all die in about 10 minutes, except for SCUBA divers and firemen, who might last a quarter of a day.
This will be an event without any significance.
The magnetic field of the Earth tends to deflect charged particles that are directed towards Earth and thus provides important protection from the radiation associated with such particles. The magnetosphere originates as the Earth's magnetic field which is shaped and modified by the solar wind, i.e. the stream of charged particles constantly emanating from the Sun, and the result of the two is called the magnetosphere. (One might prefer to say that it is the Earth's magnetic field, rather than magnetosphere, that protect the Earth from most radiation, but they are really combined and it is not obvious how one distinguishes the ultimate resulting protection as being from one thing or the other. ) The protection depends on the type of particle and the type of protection. One can think of several examples of relevant phenomena; solar wind, cosmic rays, and solar flares with coronal mass ejections. Cosmic rays are affected by the magnetosphere, but the predominant influence on cosmic rays comes from the Earth's atmosphere. The magnetosphere is capable of deflecting low energy cosmic rays away from Earth. The higher energy cosmic rays have collisions in the atmosphere create new particles and ionizing radiation that are unhealthy for life on Earth. The magnetosphere provides some protection from cosmic rays. Without the Earth's magnetic filed, there would be a complete transformation of the magnetosphere, to the point that it would not exist in the sense that it does now. In such an event, the Earth's atmosphere would encounter direct collisions with the solar wind and and cosmic rays and there would be "atmospheric stripping" by the solar wind. One initial effect would be the loss of the ozone layer and the associated protection from the UV light from the Sun. Of course, more atmospheric loss over time would ultimate make life impossible, an even which seems to have occurred on Mars after its magnetic field disappeared. Solar flares are often accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME) that consists of a large number of energetic charged particles. Sometimes these particles are directed towards Earth and encounter the Earth's magnetosphere and create what is called a geomagnetic storm. Depending on the size of the event, this creates a radiation hazard. Without the magnetosphere the CME would interact directly with the atmosphere and one might expect even more serious consequences for life on Earth. For these various reasons, one can say the magnetosphere is essential for continued life on Earth.
First of all, it would lose its spherical shape. Second, everything in it would simply float away into space. Third, it wouldn't be classified as a planet any longer. The above answer is wrong. When Earth stops spinning it will loose it spherical shape that bulges more at the equator. Gravity holds us to Earth, not the magnetosphere.
Not much would happen, because worms could take care of the trash and decaying animals, but without them either, trash would pile up and the earth would become unlivable.
I am not entirely sure but some events would be earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. There would be no way these things could happen without the movement of plates.