Terrestrial arthropods have a series of openings called spiracles at the body surface. Spiracles open into tiny air tubes called tracheae, which expand into fine branches that extend into all parts of the arthropod body
Aquatic arthropods mostly exchange gases through (c) gills; some (like the horseshoe crabs) have book gills. The "book lungs" term usually applies to most arachnids like scorpions and spiders, which are terrestrial; most other terrestrial arthropods exchange gases through special holes in their segments called spiracles, attached to the tracheal tubules/tracheola which connect directly to the tissues.
No for arthropods; yes for some molluscs. The larger aquatic arthropods like lobsters and crabs accomplish gas exchange using gills. Smaller ones like the land-based insects have holes (spiracles) in the exoskeleton and a tube system to facilitate gas exchange necessary for respiration. In this case, unlike mammals which use lungs to oxgenate blood which is pumped to the tissues, the tracheal tubes from the spiracles deliver oxygen directly to the tissues. Aquatic molluscs have gills for gas exchange whereas molluscs adapted to live on land like snails do have a lung.
There are several methods arthropods use for gas exchange; insects have holes in their segments called spiracles, connected to a trachea and tubules which deliver oxygen directly to tissues without needing to go through a bloodstream; and also remove waste gasses. Arachnids may use a type of simple lung called a book lung, comparable to a book gill in a similar stacked spatial arrangement for some aquatic arthropods. Other marine arthropods use gills for gas exchange, such as crabs and lobsters; crabs can continue to use gills on land so long as they remain moist. The simpler and smaller arthropods are able to perform gas exchange across their entire body surface and need no additional specialized gas exchange structures.
Earth is a rocky planet because the gas giants are in the outer planets and earth is in the inner planet.
The vertebral column or spine comprises individual bones (vertebrae) as part of an internal skeleton or endoskeleton. Arthropods differ in that they have no bony internal skeleton, instead they rely on an external or exoskeleton, whose rigidity creates the defining characteristics of the arhtropod phylum; the joint appendages and segmented body.
Aquatic arthropods mostly exchange gases through (c) gills; some (like the horseshoe crabs) have book gills. The "book lungs" term usually applies to most arachnids like scorpions and spiders, which are terrestrial; most other terrestrial arthropods exchange gases through special holes in their segments called spiracles, attached to the tracheal tubules/tracheola which connect directly to the tissues.
Aquatic arthropods typically exchange gases through gills. Gills are structures that are rich in blood vessels and provide a large surface area for gas exchange to occur, allowing the arthropods to extract oxygen from the water and release carbon dioxide.
Not all arthropods use spiracles to obtain oxygen, but many do. Spiracles are openings on the exoskeleton that lead to a network of tracheae, allowing gas exchange. Aquatic arthropods, such as many crustaceans, typically use gills instead of spiracles for respiration. Therefore, while spiracles are common in terrestrial arthropods, they are not universal among all arthropods.
earthworms.
The gas occurs by simple diffusion through the cells.
the alveolus
in the leave
gills
gas exchange occurs between the thin walls of the alveoli and the thin walls of the capillaries
Arthropods breathe primarily through three methods: tracheae, gills, and book lungs. Terrestrial arthropods, like insects, utilize a network of tracheae that deliver oxygen directly to tissues through small openings called spiracles. Aquatic arthropods, such as crustaceans, typically use gills to extract oxygen from water, while some arachnids, like spiders, possess book lungs that facilitate gas exchange through thin, stacked layers of tissue.
in their gills.
In the alveoli