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A team led by Christiaan (this is the proper South African spelling, with two "a"s) Bernard performed the first successful human to human heart transplant in South Africa in 1967. The patient lived 18 days before succumbing to pneumonia.

An earlier unsuccessful transplant of a Chimpanzee heart into a dying human was performed by a team led by James D. Hardy in Mississippi, USA, in 1964 (the patient lived only 90 minutes). This was the first heart transplant involving a human.

Robert Koffler Jarvik (the previous answer posted here) performed the first artificial heart implant, not the first heart transplant.

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