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The lines on a globe which run north and south are called meridians, or lines of longitude. They run from the North Pole to the South Pole, and only in pairs do they "circle" the Earth.

They are used to calculate distance between points on the Earth's surface in an east-west direction. Beginning at the arbitrarily-defined Prime Meridian (0° longitude), they are measured in degrees east or west of that line, which is an angular measurement that can be translated into rough linear distance.

Used in conjunction with the lines of latitude (measuring distance north or south of the equator), they can define any point on the surface of the Earth.

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