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The fire exhausted through the chimney of a refinery is used to heat not burn the container or vat which holds the crude oil, this is to bring the oil to the high temperature needed to turn the oil from a liquid to a gaseous state without burning it, at which point these gases begin to rise and separate into the different chains of molecules of carbon. These different chains are the different types of petroleum products like gasoline, kerosene and so on. Each different type of molecule cools at a set temperature. As the gases rise they cool and condense at different heights. Heavier, longer chains of carbon like petroleum jelly cool quicker than lighter, shorter chains of carbon like gasoline, so it can be predicted how high up the cooling tower each type of carbon will rise before cooling and condensing. Collection tubes are placed at these heights to separate the different types of petroleum products and pipe them in liquid form into storage containers. A method called "cracking" can be used during the heating process to cause longer chains of carbon molecules to break into smaller chains, allow the production of more of the lighter products like gasoline.
Answer:
There are no chimneys at refineries with a fire on them. The stack often seen at such a location is called a flare and is part of the safety and environmental measures. During the course of plant operation it is sometimes necessary to release gases which may be toxic or flammable. Rather than release them at ground level where they could cause pollution they are sent to the flare stack and burned in a controlled manner. In general refineries do not want to waste flammable gases as they make their money by selling such products. As a consequence flares are used on an emergency or contingency basis.
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