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Head Start promotes school readiness by enhancing the social and cognitive development of children through the provision of educational, health, nutritional, social and other services.[4]

Head Start began as part of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society campaign. Its justification came from the President's Council of Economic Advisors, whose staff advanced the concept of investment in education during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.[5] The Office of Economic Opportunity's Community Action Program launched Project Head Start as an eight-week summer program in 1965. The following year it was authorized by Congress as a year-round program. In 1968, Head Start began funding a program that would eventually be called Sesame Street, operated by the Carnegie Corporation Preschool Television project. Congress enacted the Head Start Act in 1981.

In 1969 Head Start was transferred to the Office of Child Development in the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (later the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)) by the Nixon Administration. Today it is a program within the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) in the HHS. In FY 1994, the Early Head Start program was established to serve children from birth to three years of age reflecting evidence that these years are critical to children's development. Programs are administered locally by nonprofit organizations and local education agencies such as school systems.

Early Head Start Program Promotes healthy prenatal outcomes, healthy families and infant and toddler development beginning as young as newborns. Head Start Helps to create healthy development in low-income children ages three to five. Offers services that depend on each child and family's culture and experience, to influence all aspects of a child's development and learning. Family and Community Partnerships Head Start offers parents opportunities and support as they identify and meet their own goals, nurture their children in the context of their family and culture, and advocate for communities that support children and families of all cultures. Migrant and Seasonal Head Start Provides Head Start services to children of migrant and seasonalfarm workers. Services target children from six-months to five-years of age. Because of the families' work constraints, service hours are longer and programs extend for fewer months than traditional Head Start. Head Start Target Indigenous peoples of the Americas Native children and familiesHead Start provides education, health and social services. Education includes preschool education to national standards that have become de facto standards for all US preschools. Health services include screenings, health check-ups and dental check-ups. Social services provide family advocates to work with parents and assist them in accessing community resources for low income families.

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