Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the walls of arteries, leading to their hardening and narrowing. This process can reduce blood flow and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes. It often develops over decades and can be influenced by factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and Diabetes. Lifestyle changes and medications can help manage and mitigate its effects.