Cubism is an early 20th-century art movement pioneered by artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, characterized by the fragmented portrayal of subjects from multiple viewpoints, creating a sense of three-dimensionality on a two-dimensional surface. It challenges traditional perspectives and emphasizes geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and a limited color palette. This innovative approach aimed to depict the complexity of reality and perception, influencing various art forms and movements that followed. Cubism is often divided into two phases: Analytical Cubism, focusing on deconstructing forms, and Synthetic Cubism, which emphasizes the construction of forms using mixed media and collage techniques.