A white cotton sheet.
Muslin is a versatile cotton fabric that is lightweight, breathable, and often used for making clothing, curtains, and bedding. It is plain woven and typically has a slightly open weave, giving it a soft and draping quality.
A plain t-shirt is usually made from a knit cotton or poly/cotton fabric.
According to Wikipedia: Linsey-woolsey is a ". . . coarse twill or plain-woven fabric woven with a linen warp and a woollen weft."
Gingham is a woven fabric. It is usually woven of white and another color thread.
It's woven.
A light woven fabric would be a chiffon, a challis, or a voile.
Calico is a plain-woven cotton fabric that is typically unbleached and undyed. Cotton fabric, on the other hand, refers to any fabric that is made from cotton fibers, which can be woven in different ways and dyed in various colors. In summary, calico is a specific type of cotton fabric with its own characteristics, while cotton fabric is a broader category that includes various types of fabrics made from cotton.
Taffeta is a crisp, plain fabric that is woven, which is made from synthetic or silk fibres. It is considered a high-end fabric, and it is used for items such as wedding dresses and ball gowns.
A "knit" fabric will stretch, either side to side and/or up to down, but a "woven" fabric will not stretch.
TC simply means "thread count" when referring to fabric. A fabric woven from cotton with a 300TC has 300 threads woven in one square inch.
The finished edge of fabric is called the selvage.