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The emergence of "King Cotton" in the South transformed the region's economy into one heavily reliant on cotton production, leading to the expansion of plantations and the entrenchment of slavery. This agricultural boom not only increased the wealth of plantation owners but also created a social hierarchy that marginalized both enslaved people and poor white farmers. The dependence on cotton made the South vulnerable to economic fluctuations and contributed to regional tensions that ultimately culminated in the Civil War. Additionally, the focus on a single cash crop stifled diversification and innovation in the Southern economy.

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