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There is a couple of methods that could be used.

A pulse width modulator is very efficient and generates little heat when operating.

A voltage regulator works flawlessly all the way from max light to no light at all, it does however create a lot of heat and will most likely need some cooling.

As there is no ability for images here, I can not upload scematics for these two varieties.

If you however send me an e-mail, found on my profile, then I will send you scematics for how to make both varieties.

The key component in order to easily make both a voltage regulator and a pulse width regulator is two OpAmp's. These normally come in packages of 2 or 4.

Pulse-Width:

Use one OpAmp in order to charge and discharge a capacitor between approx 3 and 9 volt. The ideal choice of capacitor would be one without an electrolyte. You can however use an electrolyte capacitor for experimenting.

The other OpAmp is to be used to compare the charge of the capacitor with a variable resistors output. Output of this OpAmp should go to a PowerMosFet so that the MosFet turns power on and of according to the variable resistor.

Using a small value for the capacitor would give you a fast switch frequency, but it is a good idea to start with a largish value so that you can actually see what is happening.

You will of course need some resistors too! This above text just to give you an idea of how.

Voltage-regulator:

You need:

1 variable resistor.

1 OpAmp.

1 resistor of 560-1200 Ohm.

1 PNP Darlington.

Same basic idea with an OpAmp but instead of a PowerMosFet I would use a PNP Darlington Transistor. The Variable resistor of 10Kohm to 200Kohm (value does not matter much as long as it is not too low)

Connect one input of variable resistor to minus or GND.

Connect other input of variable resistor to +12 v.

Connect Output of variable resistor to + leg of the OpAmp (Not + as in Vcc input)

Connect resistor of 560-1200 ohm to output of the OpAmp.

Connect other end of this resistor to B leg on Darlington.

Connect E leg on Darlington to +12v

Connect C leg on Darlington both to - leg of the OpAmp and one leg of the lamp you want dimmed.

Connect other lamp leg to minus or GND.

As you turn the variable resistor clockwise (Towards +12V), the voltage will rise on the output of Darlington transistor. The lamp will become brighter.

You will of course need to connect an heat sink to the Darlington transistor or else it will become too hot and burn really fast.

This is the simplest way possible to quickly make a dimmer for low voltages. It does not really matter if the lamp and battery is 6 Volt or 12 volt or 24 volt.

The problem is that the voltage not used by the lamp will make heat in the transistor.

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15y ago

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