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schiffli guipure lace is a machine made lace, invented in the 1860's and 1870's, and still done today though computer aided. fabric is stretched vertically on a frame while

horizontal needles (hundreds of them, each with their own spool of thread) are

driven from both the front and back of the fabric to interlock. the pattern of the lace

is created by the machine moving the fabric ever so slightly with each stitch.

eventually a pattern is formed. this makes an embroidered surface. to make lace,

the fabric is a special kind, one which will dissolve away by either water or chemical

bath, leaving the embroidery freestanding. thus schiffli was known in the 19th

century as chemical lace. check out u tube- there are a few videos on this

manufacturing technique.

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