A rubber Fernco or Clamp All
Concrete and cast Iron pipes are made of cast iron and plastic piping systems normally use plastics
By replacing the piping using either Cast Iron of one of the non ferrous systems available
Yes, but PVC creates problems
Not normally. Usually the cast iron piping ends at the outside of the house. It is more expensive than alternates, and cast iron is used inside. Outside is usually asbestos concrete, clay, or more recently plastic piping.
Yes, they can be opened for routine sewer and drain and leader cleaning
By cutting in a cast iron Wye so the flow enters the sewer line (soil pipe) at a right angle
Cut out the old piping and caulk a new cast iron bell and spigot with lead and oakum and test
The way you ask this question is too broad. Which part of your sewer pipe needs replacing? Exposed pipe in your basement or crawlspace is too simple for you to be asking about. If you mean the sewer pipe that connects your house to the city sewer (generally under the street) you have a big task. Depending on what part of the country you are in, this section of your sewer pipe can be anywhere between 4 feet and 20 feet deep. In either case you'll need a backhoe to dig it up.
NONE as PVC cannot be exposed to direct sun light. A much better choice would be cast iron piping with a CI drain and lead caulked joints which will not dry out and are acid resistant from acid rain and bird droppings
4" is the standard house sewer main
The cast of Piping Hot - 1925 includes: Al Alt
Drain/sewer and vent pipes in newer homes are either ABS (black) or PVC (white) plastic cell core pipes. The sewer line that runs from the home to the street or septic can very to alot of different kinds of pipe and some are good and some fail alot. If you live in a older home or have a older commercial building chances are you can have either bell cast iron, copper or galvanized and in some cases clay unless it has been upgraded. Galvanized in most civilized codes can NOT be used under ground (unless coated) Sewer piping under ground can be Type K copper, Service weight CI, HXCI, NH CI, clay pipe , Class 22 CI