It's called a lamp harp.
The top (where you place the shade) is called a finial base, the little 'clips' at the bottom are called the harp base.
The flexible wire in a lamp is called the filament. the word means 'thread-like', and it comes from the fact that you need a particularly thin section of wire in order to get the metal to incandesce (glow) at relatively low wattages.
The metal part of a pencil that holds the eraser is called a ferrule.
To make a lampshade frame, you will need wire or metal rings in the shape and size of your desired lampshade, and then you can attach fabric or other materials to the frame using glue or sewing techniques.
If you mean the screw on part that holds the lamp shade on the it's called a Finial. If you mean the stand that hooks on right below the socket I've heard it called a harp.
The different types of materials used to make a lampshade frame include metal, plastic, wood, and wire.
The metal part of a pencil is called a ferrule.
Well, darling, the metal part of a pencil is called a "ferrule." It's the little guy that holds the eraser in place and keeps everything in line. So next time you're doodling or writing your grocery list, just remember to thank that trusty ferrule for keeping your pencil game strong.
The part that holds the eraser on is called "ferrule" and the part you write with is normally graphite, but sometimes is lead or charcoal.
The metal piece that holds the bulb in place is called a socket. It provides electrical contact to the bulb and secures it in position within the light fixture.
The metal thing on the end of the pencil is called a Ferrule!
The metal casting that holds all the other parts in place is called a chassis. It provides structural support and rigidity to the components of a device or machinery.
The metal band that holds the rubber onto the pencil is called a ferrule. It is typically made of aluminum or other metals and is crimped onto the end of the pencil to secure the eraser in place.