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The basic underlying technique used in creating pysanky is wax-resist. Pure beeswax is applied to the eggshell, to which it adheres firmly. The egg is then placed in cold-water dye, and the eggshell absorbs the dye everywhere except the areas with wax on them. The egg is placed in a series of dye baths, beginning with light colors and ending with dark, and more wax is applied after each dyebath. When the wax is removed at the end of the process, the multi-colored design is revealed.

Pysanka artists usually begin by applying wax to a plain, white eggshell. Every spot to which wax is applied at this point will stay white throughout the entire dyeing process. The wax acts as a barrier or shield, protecting the shell underneath from the dye. After the first dye bath (usually yellow), the artist applies more wax onto the egg, protecting the first color of the egg, before placing the egg into a second color of dye. The parts of the egg that had wax applied to them when the egg was white will stay white. The parts of the egg that had wax applied to them when the egg was yellow will stay yellow. The rest of the eggshell will change to the new dye color. If the wax is melted off at this point, the final dye is the background color, and the design is in white and yellow.

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