Yes the Sun would have formed first. The entire Solar System was formed from a cloud of gas and dust more or less 4.6 billion years ago. First the center of this cloud compressed to form the Sun, and then the rest of the material began to orbit it and eventually became the planets and other Solar System bodies.
All planets are formed form the remains of the solar nebular.
I think that "0.3" is probably meant to be 0.3 AU. The answer is: the denser substances of the solar system which later formed the rocky inner planets. The gases were likely to form gas giant planets, further away from the Sun.
The planets orbit the Sun. The Sun is at the center of our solar system and does not move.
The dust that remained after the sun formed coalesced to form planets, asteroids, and comets.
There are only 8 planets in our solar system. (before there were 9, Pluto)
No
The order of the planets, from the Earth to the Sun, are: Venus, then Mercury.
A solar system!
Energy from our Sun travels to the planets through space in the form of electromagnetic radiation, the carrier of which energy is the photon.
Roughly 4.6 billion years ago.
The planets that make part of the solar system move around the Sun. The huge gravity power of the Sun maintain all planets and moons orbiting around it on an elliptical form.
Most rings are made of ice. Therefore the planets that are father away from the sun are colder than the ones near the sun. Ice will form rings around the planets.
In order for a planet to form, it must have a centre of mass to orbit around. In the example of our solar system, the planets were formed AFTER the sun.
All planets are formed form the remains of the solar nebular.
Radiation... lots of it. Mainly in the form of heat and light.
Mars is the last of the inner planets. It is the fourth planet from the Sun and right before the Asteroid belt.
The planets are satellites of the sun. The moons are satellites of the planets. The moons revolve around the planets captured by their gravity, while the planets revolve around the sun captured by its gravity and the sun.