Depending on your latitude and the date, the direction of sunrise ranges from MANY degrees north or south of East, to directly east. The sunrise in Maine at the Summer Solstice can be 40 degrees north of East, and as many degrees south at midwinter. If you are close to the equator, then the sunrise is never all that far off of East.
In July the earth is passing through the portion of it's orbit where the north pole is most inclined towards the sun (~June 21 summer solstice is when it is the most exactly), hence the sun for observers in the northern hemisphere will appear to transit high in the sky and set north of due west and rise north of due east. When the moon is full it is on the opposite side of the earth from the sun, so it is about where the sun would be in the sky (think relative to the background of 'fixed' stars) in the month of January. In this month the sun would be seen to transit low in the sky, further south, as well as rise further south than due east. All major objects in our solar system follow through an apparent path in the heavens called the zodiac, which is symmetrically distributed a few degrees on either side of the ecliptic, which is the apparent path of the sun across the background of stars. The moon travels on a path which is never more than about five degrees north or south of the ecliptic. Around the summer solstice you will notice that as the moon wanes, it is also approaching the sun and the sun's position so it will rise (and set) further and further north, until it is so near the sun you can't see it anymore (new moon). In the winter you will also notice that the situation has reversed and so the full moon in the winter is often spectacularly bright, high in the sky where the midsummer sun would have passed.
The sun and its light eliminates stars that are 6 degrees (civil twilight) 12 degrees (nautical twilight) and 18 degrees (astral twilight) from it. Thus a whole constellation. So if you are up all night as the stars rise and set, then you will see 11 constellations of zodiac. Only one of 30 degrees is blinded, (on both sides of the sun = 12 degrees civil; 24 degrees nautical; 36 degrees astronomical).
A waxing crescent moon typically rises in the east shortly after sunrise and sets in the west shortly after sunset. It is visible in the sky for a few hours after sunset before it also sets below the horizon.
You can do this with just a few pieces of information and some observation. Like the sun, the moon appears to rise in the east and set in the west. We know that for the sun and for the moon these are apparent motions and not true motions. The sun, for example, doesn't go around the earth once a day. Based on this, some people might conclude that the moon moves around the earth from east to west. However, observation will show you that while the moon rises in the east, it rises roughly 40 minutes later each night than the night before. Now if you think about it, if the moon were actually moving from east to west, it would rise earlier each night and not later. Observing the movement of the earth and moon from far to the north, the earth is rotating anticlockwise; this is why the sun appears to rise over the eastern horizon in the morning. If the moon were moving from east toward the west, it would advance prior to its rising, and would appear in the east earlier and earlier each night. Instead, the moon is moving toward the east in its anticlockwise orbit around earth. As a result, it has retreated from the eastern horizon a little more each night.
The layer of the atmosphere where temperatures can reach up to 1000 degrees Celsius is the thermosphere. This layer extends from about 85 kilometers (53 miles) above the Earth's surface to around 600 kilometers (373 miles) or more. In the thermosphere, solar radiation causes the temperature to rise significantly, although the air is extremely thin, meaning there are very few particles to transfer that heat.
winter
That point is located a few miles northeast of the center of Amman, Jordan.
All the Warsaws in the US are far west of it. Warsaw, Poland is a few degrees east of it.
That point is just off the west coast of Italy's "heel", about 50 miles southeast of Taranto.
This point is in the sea off the coast of Norway, about 26 miles and a few fjords southwest of Bergen.
That point is in Albania, near the southwest coast,just a few miles north of the center of Sarandë.
That's the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia. Not a lot of towns up there. Quite a few reindeer.
A few miles west-northwest of the center of Christchurch, New Zealand.
Not very often, and if it does rise above 0 degrees F, it is only by a few degrees, usually less than 10.
That point is in central Bangladesh, about 30 miles southwest of the center of Dhaka, just a few miles west of the west bank of the Ganges.
1 S 37 E is located in Kenya, Africa. It is Just a few dozen miles from central Nairobi, near Thika Thika.
Latitude is measured and stated in degrees north or south of the equator. Longitude is measured and stated in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. If you give me numbers that are accurately measured and clearly stated, I can hit that exact spot, within a few inches, anywhere on the earth.