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"Mercury Redstone 3", a Mercury capsule atop a Redstone rocket booster, carried NASA astronaut Alan Shepard on a 15-minute suborbital flight, May 5, 1961. The spacecraft was nicknamed "Freedom 7" and Shepard was the first American in space. Six months earlier, the more powerful Atlas rocket of "Mercury Atlas 5" had lofted Enos the chimpanzee for two orbits of the Earth. After Virgil "Gus" Grissom made a Redstone flight similar to Shepard's, John Glenn flew "Mercury-Atlas 6" and his capsule "Friendship 7" on February 20, 1962, becoming the first American to orbit the Earth.

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