how can a red giant star become brighter if it now has a lower surface temp
The surface temperature of a red giant is, at most, 5000 Kelvin.
A red giant is called so because it appears red in color due to its lower surface temperature compared to a younger star. As it expands and cools during its later stages of evolution, it becomes larger and brighter, hence the name "red giant."
Aldebaran is a red giant star with a surface temperature of approximately 3,900 K, which gives it a reddish appearance.
A G2II star is a bright giant star that falls under the spectral classification G2, which means it has a surface temperature around 5,500 Kelvin and appears yellowish-white in color. The "II" in its classification indicates that it is in the luminosity class II category, which signifies that it is a bright giant star in an advanced evolutionary stage. These stars have exhausted their core hydrogen fuel and have expanded to become much larger and brighter than main sequence stars like our sun.
Botein, or Delta Arietis, is an orange giant star with a surface temperature of around 4,500 Kelvin.
The surface temperature of a red giant is, at most, 5000 Kelvin.
A supergiant is brighter than a red giant. That means it spends its energy faster, and lives less. To burn its energy faster, it must be hotter in its nucleus. That doesn't necessarily mean that its surface temperature is faster (rather, it will usually be bigger, and have a larger surface to irradiate).
Color is related to surface temperature, and a "red giant" is cooler than a main sequence, medium-sized star like the Sun.
A red giant is called so because it appears red in color due to its lower surface temperature compared to a younger star. As it expands and cools during its later stages of evolution, it becomes larger and brighter, hence the name "red giant."
The colour of a star is a good measure of the surface temperature.
Because they are closer or actually brighter.
Aldebaran is a red giant star with a surface temperature of approximately 3,900 K, which gives it a reddish appearance.
Botein, or Delta Arietis, is an orange giant star with a surface temperature of around 4,500 Kelvin.
A G2II star is a bright giant star that falls under the spectral classification G2, which means it has a surface temperature around 5,500 Kelvin and appears yellowish-white in color. The "II" in its classification indicates that it is in the luminosity class II category, which signifies that it is a bright giant star in an advanced evolutionary stage. These stars have exhausted their core hydrogen fuel and have expanded to become much larger and brighter than main sequence stars like our sun.
Three possibilities: It is brighter (some are brighter than others), it is bigger, or it is closer to earth.
The surface temperature of a red giant star can range from about 2,600 to 3,700 degrees Celsius. This is relatively cooler compared to younger main sequence stars like the sun, which has a surface temperature of about 5,500 degrees Celsius.
Aldebaran has a surface temperature of around 3,900 Kelvin, making it cooler than our Sun, which has a temperature of about 5,800 Kelvin. Despite being less hot than the Sun, Aldebaran appears larger and brighter in the sky due to its larger size.