how can a red giant star become brighter if it now has a lower surface temp
The surface temperature of a red giant is, at most, 5000 Kelvin.
A red giant is called so because it appears red in color due to its lower surface temperature compared to a younger star. As it expands and cools during its later stages of evolution, it becomes larger and brighter, hence the name "red giant."
Aldebaran is both hotter and brighter than Sirius. Aldebaran, a K-type giant star, has a surface temperature of about 4,000 K and a luminosity approximately 440 times that of the Sun. In contrast, Sirius, an A-type main-sequence star, has a surface temperature of around 9,900 K but is less luminous than Aldebaran, at about 25 times the Sun's luminosity. Therefore, while Sirius is hotter, Aldebaran outshines it in brightness.
Aldebaran is a red giant star with a surface temperature of approximately 3,900 K, which gives it a reddish appearance.
A G2II star is a bright giant star that falls under the spectral classification G2, which means it has a surface temperature around 5,500 Kelvin and appears yellowish-white in color. The "II" in its classification indicates that it is in the luminosity class II category, which signifies that it is a bright giant star in an advanced evolutionary stage. These stars have exhausted their core hydrogen fuel and have expanded to become much larger and brighter than main sequence stars like our sun.
The surface temperature of a red giant is, at most, 5000 Kelvin.
A supergiant is brighter than a red giant. That means it spends its energy faster, and lives less. To burn its energy faster, it must be hotter in its nucleus. That doesn't necessarily mean that its surface temperature is faster (rather, it will usually be bigger, and have a larger surface to irradiate).
Color is related to surface temperature, and a "red giant" is cooler than a main sequence, medium-sized star like the Sun.
A red giant is called so because it appears red in color due to its lower surface temperature compared to a younger star. As it expands and cools during its later stages of evolution, it becomes larger and brighter, hence the name "red giant."
Aldebaran is both hotter and brighter than Sirius. Aldebaran, a K-type giant star, has a surface temperature of about 4,000 K and a luminosity approximately 440 times that of the Sun. In contrast, Sirius, an A-type main-sequence star, has a surface temperature of around 9,900 K but is less luminous than Aldebaran, at about 25 times the Sun's luminosity. Therefore, while Sirius is hotter, Aldebaran outshines it in brightness.
The colour of a star is a good measure of the surface temperature.
Because they are closer or actually brighter.
Aldebaran is a red giant star with a surface temperature of approximately 3,900 K, which gives it a reddish appearance.
A G2II star is a bright giant star that falls under the spectral classification G2, which means it has a surface temperature around 5,500 Kelvin and appears yellowish-white in color. The "II" in its classification indicates that it is in the luminosity class II category, which signifies that it is a bright giant star in an advanced evolutionary stage. These stars have exhausted their core hydrogen fuel and have expanded to become much larger and brighter than main sequence stars like our sun.
Aldebaran, a red giant star in the constellation Taurus, has an effective surface temperature of approximately 3,900 Kelvin. Converting this to Celsius, the surface temperature is about 3,626 degrees Celsius. This relatively cooler temperature is characteristic of red giants compared to hotter stars.
Three possibilities: It is brighter (some are brighter than others), it is bigger, or it is closer to earth.
Botein, or Delta Arietis, is an orange giant star with a surface temperature of around 4,500 Kelvin.