He applied the period-luminosity relation to Cepheid variables.
Edwin Hubble measured the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy by observing the light from its variable stars, specifically Cepheid variables. He utilized the relationship between the luminosity and the pulsation period of these stars to determine their absolute brightness. By comparing this intrinsic brightness with the observed brightness, Hubble could calculate the distance to Andromeda, ultimately establishing it as a separate galaxy outside the Milky Way. This groundbreaking work significantly expanded our understanding of the universe.
No, the Hubble Galaxy (Messier 31, or the Andromeda Galaxy) is not the closest major galaxy to our own. The Andromeda Galaxy is located about 2.537 million light-years from the Milky Way. The closest major galaxy to us is the Triangulum Galaxy (Messier 33), which is approximately 3 million light-years away.
Prior to Hubble's discovery scientists generally believed that our galaxy was the entire universe. Hubble found that the Andromeda galaxy was, then called the Andromeda Nebula, was not a part of our galaxy but a galaxy unto itself far beyond the edge of the Milky Way. This discovered demonstrated that the universe is much larger than scientists have believed.
were part of a galaxy?!! _____________________________ Yes, we are. It's part of the Earthling's Handbook; didn't you get a copy? The majority of other galaxies are moving away from us. (One notable exception is the Andromeda Galaxy; our Milky Way will probably collide with Andromeda in about 4 billion years or so.) Curiously, the farther away from us a galaxy is, the faster it seems to be receding! The relationship is called "Hubble's Law" for the man who figured it out, Edwin Hubble. (The Hubble Space Telescope is named in his honor.)
The Andromeda Galaxy is one of the few galaxies that is observable with the naked eye. Because of this, it cannot be said to be "discovered" as it has obviously been viewed by "man" since the earliest times.
Hubble
Edwin Hubble measured the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy by observing the light from its variable stars, specifically Cepheid variables. He utilized the relationship between the luminosity and the pulsation period of these stars to determine their absolute brightness. By comparing this intrinsic brightness with the observed brightness, Hubble could calculate the distance to Andromeda, ultimately establishing it as a separate galaxy outside the Milky Way. This groundbreaking work significantly expanded our understanding of the universe.
No, the Hubble Galaxy (Messier 31, or the Andromeda Galaxy) is not the closest major galaxy to our own. The Andromeda Galaxy is located about 2.537 million light-years from the Milky Way. The closest major galaxy to us is the Triangulum Galaxy (Messier 33), which is approximately 3 million light-years away.
Our galaxy is called the Milky way, but the closest neighbouring galaxy is called the Andromeda galaxy.
were part of a galaxy?!! _____________________________ Yes, we are. It's part of the Earthling's Handbook; didn't you get a copy? The majority of other galaxies are moving away from us. (One notable exception is the Andromeda Galaxy; our Milky Way will probably collide with Andromeda in about 4 billion years or so.) Curiously, the farther away from us a galaxy is, the faster it seems to be receding! The relationship is called "Hubble's Law" for the man who figured it out, Edwin Hubble. (The Hubble Space Telescope is named in his honor.)
That became clear once the telescopes were powerful enough to distinguish individual stars in the galaxies. Before that, they were seen only as "nebulae" (cloud-like objects), and it wasn't clear whether M31 (for example) was part of our own galaxy. M31 is also known as the Andromeda Galaxy.
Prior to Hubble's discovery scientists generally believed that our galaxy was the entire universe. Hubble found that the Andromeda galaxy was, then called the Andromeda Nebula, was not a part of our galaxy but a galaxy unto itself far beyond the edge of the Milky Way. This discovered demonstrated that the universe is much larger than scientists have believed.
what is the type of star used by the Hubble to measure the distance to other galaxies.
Edwin Hubble used Cepheid variable stars to measure the distances to galaxies. These stars have a relationship between their luminosity and pulsation period, allowing astronomers to calculate their distance based on their observed brightness.
The Hubble telescope with the light-collecting power of the W. M. Keck Telescopes can see 13 billion light years away based on the furthest detected galaxy to date. In comparison looking up into the sky on a very clear night, the Triangulum Galaxy can sometimes be seen by the naked eye. This is a distance of 3.14 million light years. The Andromeda Galaxy is also sometimes visible. This is a distance of 2.5 million light years.
were part of a galaxy?!! _____________________________ Yes, we are. It's part of the Earthling's Handbook; didn't you get a copy? The majority of other galaxies are moving away from us. (One notable exception is the Andromeda Galaxy; our Milky Way will probably collide with Andromeda in about 4 billion years or so.) Curiously, the farther away from us a galaxy is, the faster it seems to be receding! The relationship is called "Hubble's Law" for the man who figured it out, Edwin Hubble. (The Hubble Space Telescope is named in his honor.)
Hubble's equation states that the velocity at which various galaxies are receding from the Earth is proportional to their distance from us.The law is often expressed by the equation v = H0D, with H0 the constant of proportionality (the Hubble constant) between the distance D to a galaxy and its velocity v. The SI unit of H0 is s-1 but it is most frequently quoted in (km/s)/Mpc, thus giving the speed in km/s of a galaxy one Megaparsec away. The reciprocal of H0 is the Hubble time.