How do you know what goes on under the surface of the Sun?

Answer 1

Astronomers create mathematical models that use the laws of physics, the Sun's observed composition and mass, and computers to predict internal conditions.

By measuring Doppler shifts, we observe vibrations of the Sun's surface that are created deep within the Sun.

Answer 2

By observing the motion of the solar surface, scientists can determine the wavelength and the frequencies of the individual waves and deduce information about the solar interior not obtainable by other means. The alternating patches represent gas moving down (red) and up (blue).

Answer 3

Scientists use techniques like helioseismology to study the interior of the Sun. By monitoring the oscillations on the Sun's surface caused by sound waves bouncing inside the Sun, scientists can infer information about its internal structure, temperature, and composition. These observations help us understand the processes that power the Sun and influence space weather.

Answer 4

Scientists have statistical models they use to determine the conditions inside the sun. They also have satellites in space to look at the weather on the sun.

Answer 5

Telescopes : e.g. The Hubble Telescope .

Answer 6

Beats me!