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The path of the earth (relative to the sun) can be deduced from the gravity equation. The gravity equation gives you the force between the bodies in terms of the masses of the bodies and the distance between them. If you observe Earth's current position and velocity, you can solve a type of mathematical equation called an "initial-value problem" (IVP) for the position of the Earth in terms of time. The mathematics for this is accessible to students with about three semester's of calculus.

Of course it's more complicated than that, since there are more bodies in the universe besides the Earth and the Sun, and all those bodies need to be taken into account. But you'd be off to a very good start solving the IVP for the Sun-Earth pair alone.

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16y ago

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