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Satellite telescopes gather a huge amount of data. There are really two kinds of data. "Housekeeping data" is information about the satellite and its health and safety. It tells you where the satellite thinks it is pointing, what its temperature is, which parts are working, and similar status information. This housekeeping data is used by the ground crew to make sure everything is working properly.In addition, the instruments on board also have their data, "Science data". This is the fun stuff -- the images, spectra, count rates, and other measurements of the celestial object you want to study. Most of the data that you transmit to the ground will be this science data. Scientists also use the housekeeping data to evaluate how well the instruments were functioning during the collection of their science data.Data is stored onboard the satellite and sent down to earth in batches, every orbit or every day or as often as possible. Sometimes, data can be sent in realtime -- as the instruments make their observations, they instantly beam the results back to Earth.

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