How does an airborne radar works?

Answer 1

Well Airborne RADAR works in similar manner as their Ground counterpart , the differences typically lies in mode of operations, processing software , physical size and functions .usually Airborne RADAR's , especially for those who's required to detect target that flies at low altitude uses Doppler measurements to differentiate between target and steady objects like grounds . It's also may have a "compensations" to correct tracking error caused by the carrier's own movement

EDIT- It seems the previous answer is bit too complex for some people

Air to Air airborne radar uses combinations of range ambiguous and Doppler ambiguous modes. High Pulse Repletion Frequency (HPRF) modes which are range ambiguous, to measure Doppler unambiguously. Low Pulse Repletion Frequency (LPRF)modes measure range unambiguously both of these modes still measure both Range and Doppler and resolve the ambiguous measurement using Chinese remainder theorem. This resolving of the ambiguous measurement uses different measurement parameters that are not related provide a measurement remaining that can be related to unfold Range or Doppler measurements. In between the HPRF and LPRF is the Medium Pulse Repetition Frequency Mode which are both Range and Doppler ambiguous. Repetition Rate of Pulses adaptation can be mixed together and sequenced. Some modes are have better properties then others for measuring particular targets or characteristic of some targets. The question of ambiguity, and therefore what defines a Pulse Repetition Frequency as High Medium or Low is dependent on the target characteristic and the range you wish to measure to.

Answer 2

An airborne radar system emits radio waves that bounce off objects in the surrounding airspace. The radar receiver then detects the echoes of these waves, allowing the system to determine the distance, direction, and speed of potential targets. This information is utilized for navigation, weather monitoring, and detecting other aircraft.