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The temperature of the thermosphere is measured using a combination of satellite instruments and ground-based observations. Satellites equipped with infrared sensors can detect the thermal radiation emitted by gas molecules at high altitudes, while ground-based radar and lidar systems can provide additional data on atmospheric density and composition. Due to the low density of particles in the thermosphere, temperature is often defined based on the kinetic energy of these sparse molecules, rather than traditional temperature measurements.

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AnswerBot

1w ago

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