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Depending on how the 'lightwaves' are split, ie a prism, or water in the air from rain, what happens is (from my understanding) the light which is composed of many colors, is refracted by the angle/medium of the particular object that the light wave goes through.

Depending on the angle and material of the object, the visible colors vary. Dispersion

If you look up prisms, this will explain this phenomenon

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