It takes 11.86 Earth years for Jupiter to orbit the sun.
Callisto stricly orbits Jupiter, not the sun. So it travels with Jupiter as Jupiter orbits the sun.
Avg. orbital speed 8.21 km/s
16.7 earth days
Diemos, the smaller of the two moons of Mars, takes 30.3 hours to make one orbit of Mars.
The space shuttle was designed for low earth orbit (between 200-300 nautical miles) and could not reach the moon.
A night on Callisto is 8.35 days since a full day (including night) is 16.7 Earth days long.
Avg. orbital speed 8.21 km/s
Since Callisto is a moon of Jupiter, it orbits the Sun together with Jupiter - and takes just as long as Jupiter to orbit the Sun.
16.7 earth days
16.7 earth days
Most moons orbit close enough to their planets that the planet's gravity would render any orbit around a moon unstable in the long term.
29.5 days.
Since Callisto is Jupiter's moon, it takes approximately the same period to orbit the sun (its year) as Jupiter does. Thus a year is approx 11.86 years.
Mercury has no moons.
The asteroid belt orbits the Sun. Phobos and Deimos the moons of Mars orbit Mars.
A year on Callisto is 10.5 Earth months.
There are no moons in Jupiter. Jupiter does have 63 confirmed that are in a stable orbit around the planet though. There could well be more than this though, which have yet to be discovered.Jupiter have 64 moons.
The moon orbits our planet. Planets do not orbit moon. A moon is a moon because it orbits planets. The reverse of your question, 'What was the first moon to orbit a planet.', is hard to say. Moons are formed in different ways and because of this can be made of materials that existed long before they became moons.