A very good question! There was an old study that reckoned on "one inch per 1000 years" but whilst that may have applied to one particular study, and probably fair for caves in temperate regions it is by no means universal.
No, it is stalactites that form on the ceilings. Stalagmites form on the cavern floors.
There is no fixed rate, as it varies widely with the cave's atmospheric and geological conditions, and the water-chemistry and flow-rate. A "statistic" popular with show-cave guides is "one inch in a thousand years", and whilst that may be near enough in many cases, it is by no means a universal law.
Conical stalagmites: These form with a cone-like shape and are usually found directly beneath dripping water sources in caves. Totem pole stalagmites: These are tall and cylindrical in shape, resembling totem poles. They form when water flows down a stalactite and deposits minerals along its sides. Mammoth stalagmites: These are large, thick formations that take thousands of years to grow and can reach impressive heights in caves.
Stalactites and stalagmites join to form columns. These columns are created when a stalactite hanging from the ceiling of a cave and a stalagmite growing from the floor eventually meet and fuse together.
Stalagmites
No, it is stalactites that form on the ceilings. Stalagmites form on the cavern floors.
Calcium Carbonate
There is no fixed rate, as it varies widely with the cave's atmospheric and geological conditions, and the water-chemistry and flow-rate. A "statistic" popular with show-cave guides is "one inch in a thousand years", and whilst that may be near enough in many cases, it is by no means a universal law.
No, they form on the ground. Stalactites form on the ceiling.
Conical stalagmites: These form with a cone-like shape and are usually found directly beneath dripping water sources in caves. Totem pole stalagmites: These are tall and cylindrical in shape, resembling totem poles. They form when water flows down a stalactite and deposits minerals along its sides. Mammoth stalagmites: These are large, thick formations that take thousands of years to grow and can reach impressive heights in caves.
Stalactites and stalagmites join to form columns. These columns are created when a stalactite hanging from the ceiling of a cave and a stalagmite growing from the floor eventually meet and fuse together.
Stalagmites
Yes, stalagmites are typically made of limestone. They form from mineral deposits left behind by dripping water in caves, which contain calcium carbonate. Over time, these deposits accumulate to form the stalagmites.
The opposite would be stalactites, which form from the ceiling down, while stalagmites form from the floor up. (The venerable mnemonic is that stalactites hold tite/tight to the ceiling.)
Stalactites hang tightly to the ceiling of a cave, while stalagmites might grow to reach the cave floor. The names reflect their formation as water drips from the ceiling to form stalactites, and drips onto the cave floor to form stalagmites.
They are stalagmites.
A pillar a column or sometimes a stalagnate.