When hydrogen in the core of the star is depleted, a balance no longer exists between pressure and gravity, with that the core contracts and temperature rises. This cause outer layers to cool and expand. In this late stage of the star's life cycle, it is called a giant. The sun will continue to be a main sequence for about 5 billion years, then the sun will become a giant.
The sun is a main sequence star
Sirius is not a single star but a binary star system consisting of a white main sequence star and a white dwarf.
When a star "goes off the main-sequence" it generally means the star has run out of hydrogen fuel and is beginning the post-main-sequence or its end of life phase. The main sequence of a star is the time where it is no longer just a proto-star but is burning hydrogen as a primary source of fuel.
No, a white dwarf is not considered a main sequence star. A main sequence star is a star that is still fusing hydrogen in its core. A white dwarf is the remnant of a low to medium mass star in which fusion has stopped.
Spica is a dual star system, with the two members too close for resolution by the best telescopes. The larger, primary star is a blue-white giant, and does have the potential to end it's life as a supernova. The primary is not a main sequence star. The secondary, about 70% the size of the primary, is a main sequence star, also blue white.
Yes, Proxima Centauri is a main-sequence star and will remain so for about another four trillion years.
No. Red giants are not on the main sequence.
Ten billion years
A red main sequence star would be a red dwarf or a branch red giant. To be on the main sequence, you have to have hydrogen nuclear fusion.
The sun is a main sequence star, so 1 AU.
The sun is a main sequence star
Main-Sequence star
Sirius is not a single star but a binary star system consisting of a white main sequence star and a white dwarf.
None of those is a main sequence star.
The defining characteristic of a main sequence star burns hydrogen to helium in its core.
Most stars are on the main sequence; that includes red dwarves. Specifically, in this case, the closest known star - Proxima Centauri - is also the closest main-sequence star.
Algol is a blue main-sequence star in the constellation Perseus