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Of the several dozen (unmanned) lunar missions conducted by the USSR, less than a dozen reached the lunar surface. Of these, there were several notable successes. * The Russian spacecraft Luna 9 made the first "soft landing" on the Moon on January 31,1966. * Luna 13 soft-landed and studied the Moon surface on December 21, 1966. * Luna 15, a sample return attempt, crashed on the Moon a week before the US Apollo 11 landing on July 20, 1969. * Luna 16 managed to safely land on September 12, 1970, and returned lunar samples to Earth. (as did Luna 20 in 1972, and Luna 24 in 1976) * Luna 21 landed January 8, 1973 and deployed the first automated lunar rover. (The lunar rock samples returned by separate rockets to Earth were of a much smaller mass and site distribution than those collected by the six manned US missions completed from 1969 to 1972.) (see related link for a comprehensive list)

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