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Mariner 4 (USA) was the first successful fly by mission, which was launched in 1964.

Mariner 9 (USA) was the first probe to orbit another planet (Mars) when it entered into orbit around Mars on November 14, 1971.

Mars 2 & 3(USSR) were the first probes to "land" on Mars - probably crashed in 1971

Viking 1 & 2 (USA) were the first probes to successfully land in 1976.

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