The path can be two things which might be under question. In cosmology in general, planets follow circular-like paths round other objects called orbits. However, in general relativity, more specifically they follow geodesics in spacetime.
An object in space that circles around another object is called a satellite. Satellites can be natural, such as moons orbiting planets, or artificial, like man-made spacecraft orbiting Earth.
A large space object which revolves around a star is called a planet. The word planet comes from the Greek word, "aster planets" which means "wandering star".
If the revolving continues for more than a few revolutions, then its path is an elliptical orbit. In space, orbiting cannot take place in a circular path, and the balance point between flying off into space, crashing into the bigger object, or staying in orbit only occurs in an ellipse. It doesn't have to be much of an ellipse, either.
An artificial satellite.
Trajectory
The space directly in front of a moving object is called the "leading space" in terms of composition.
Orbit. Used both as a noun (the path that the object moves in), and a verb (the act of moving in an orbit).
orbiting
A piece of matter moving through space is called an object or a particle.
An object moving in space is typically referred to as a celestial body or celestial object. This can include planets, stars, asteroids, comets, moons, and other astronomical entities.
satellite
an satellite
Any object that revolves around another object in space is called a satilite.
Any object that revolves around another object in space is called a satilite.
That would the "orbit".
That is called orbital motion. it is the closed path that one object in space follows around another object, typically due to the force of gravity.
Kinetic energy is when it's moving. Potential energy is when the object is motionless.