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Novas are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, with small amounts of heavier elements. They occur in binary star systems where a white dwarf accretes material from a companion star, leading to a buildup of hydrogen on its surface. When the pressure and temperature become high enough, a thermonuclear explosion occurs, causing a sudden increase in brightness. This process ejects some material into space, enriching the surrounding environment with the elements that were previously part of the white dwarf's atmosphere.

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2mo ago

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How does a nova occur in space?

A nova is basically an explosion of a star, increasing its brightness by 100-1000 times. Novas occur by the pushing upward and outward of fusing layers of the star, starting with hydrogen.


Are novas or novae classified into different types?

No, a nova is a star showing a sudden large increase in brightness and then slowly returning to its original state over a few months. Novae are caused by a cataclysmic nuclear explosion on a white dwarf, which causes a sudden brightening of the star and they can repeat on the same star as material repeatedly builds up on its surface from a nearby companion. They are therefore always in a binary system. Novas/Novea should not be confused with "Supernovae" which are different and are classified into different types.


How are novas and supernovas different?

A nova occurs when a white dwarf or neutron star in a binary star system collects enough hydrogen from its partner star's wind and/or flares to trigger fusion. The entire collected hydrogen atmosphere around the star suddenly undergoes fusion and converting to helium very much like in an enormous yield fusion bomb. This will repeat over and over again, as long as the partner star can supply hydrogen.A supernova occurs when a high mass star dies and becomes a neutron star. As the core collapses because fusion burns out and radiation pressure can no longer hold it up, then degenerate electron pressure can not hold it up, the electrons are forced into the nucleus and combine with protons to form neutrons, the strong force causes the nuclei to merge into one ball of neutrons: a neutron star. The surface of the neutron star is very hard and as additional matter from the original star continues to fall in and merge into the neutron star, a "traffic jam" occurs and the shockwave resulting from this reflects off the super hard surface of the neutron star, driving the supernova explosion. Suddenly everything falling in is now rushing out. This can only occur once.


How much brighter is a supernova than a nova?

A supernova can be billions of times brighter than a nova. Novas occur on the surfaces of white dwarf stars and release energy comparable to millions of hydrogen bombs, while supernovae represent the explosion of an entire star and can briefly outshine entire galaxies.


What happens to stars that explode?

When stars explode, they release a tremendous amount of energy in a violent explosion known as a supernova. Depending on the mass of the star, it may collapse into a compact object like a neutron star or a black hole, or scatter its materials into space, enriching the surrounding regions with heavy elements.