Satellites
Moons
Asteroids
depending on the nature of the question
Satellites. They can be natural (a moon) or artificial (space probes). Earth is a satellite of the Sun, the Moon is a satellite of the Earth and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is a satellite of the Moon.
They are called planetesimals. These small bodies collided and merged to form larger bodies like planets and moons during the early stages of the solar system's formation.
Stars, planets, moons, and asteroids are four types of celestial bodies found in space. Stars are massive luminous spheres of plasma, planets are large bodies orbiting around stars, moons are natural satellites orbiting planets, and asteroids are small rocky bodies that orbit the Sun.
As you might guess, it's partly an issue of size, with dwarf planets being smaller. But just how big does a planet need to be to become a full-fledged planet instead of a dwarf? You might think the minimum size requirement is arbitrary, but the size cutoff is actually based on other properties of the object and its history in the Solar System. Both planets and dwarf planets orbit the Sun, not other planets (in which case we call them moons). Both must be large enough that their own gravity pulls them into the shapes of spheres; this rules out numerous smaller bodies like most asteroids, many of which have irregular shapes. Planets clear smaller objects out of their orbits by sucking the small bodies into themselves or flinging them out of orbit. Dwarf planets, with their weaker gravities, are unable to clear out their orbits.
The celestial body between Mars and Jupiter is the asteroid belt. It is a region in space where many small rocky bodies, called asteroids, orbit the Sun. These asteroids are remnants from the early formation of the solar system.
Solid objects that can orbit planets are called moons. Moons are natural satellites that orbit around planets in a similar way that planets orbit around stars. Moons can range in size from small rocky bodies to larger worlds with their own atmospheres.
Satellites Moons Asteroids depending on the nature of the question
Satellites. They can be natural (a moon) or artificial (space probes). Earth is a satellite of the Sun, the Moon is a satellite of the Earth and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is a satellite of the Moon.
Comets are small solar system bodies that orbit around the Sun. They are not planets because NASA said so.
Yes, the solar system consists of a large central star (called the sun for our solar system), with planets that ore in orbit around it. There are other bodies in orbit around the sun also, such as minor planets, asteroids, comets, and other small objects.
There are called asteroids.
Joe
They are called planetesimals. These small bodies collided and merged to form larger bodies like planets and moons during the early stages of the solar system's formation.
The planets don't all orbit the Sun in EXACTLY the same plane - there are small variations. The plane where Earth orbits is called the Ecliptic; other planets orbit fairly close to that same plane.
The region is called the Kuiper Belt. It is a disk-shaped region lying beyond the orbit of Neptune that is home to numerous icy bodies, including dwarf planets such as Pluto.
Mars has two small moons named Phobos and Deimos, but no planets orbit it.
Three types of bodies in the solar system besides dwarf planets, asteroids, and planets are comets, moons, and meteoroids. Comets are icy bodies that release gas and dust as they orbit the Sun, moons are natural satellites that orbit planets or asteroids, and meteoroids are small rocky or metallic bodies that travel through space.