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Sunspots are temporary, dark patches on the surface of the Sun that occur due to magnetic activity. They appear darker because they are cooler than the surrounding areas, with temperatures around 3,000 to 4,000 degrees Celsius compared to the Sun's surface temperature of about 5,500 degrees Celsius. Sunspots often occur in pairs or groups and are associated with solar phenomena like solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Their number varies with the approximately 11-year solar cycle, influencing solar radiation and space weather.
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