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Disadvantages of hybrid rockets

Hybrid rockets exhibit some disadvantages when compared with liquid and solid rockets. These include:

  • Oxidizer-to-fuel ratio shift ("O/F shift") - with a constant oxidizer flow-rate, the ratio of fuel production rate to oxidizer flow rate will change as a grain regresses. This leads to off-peak operation from a chemical performance point of view.
  • Low regression-rate (rate at which the solid phase recedes) fuels often drive multi-port fuel grains. Multi-port fuel grains have poor volumetric efficiency and, often, structural deficiencies. High regression-rate liquefying fuels developed in the late 1990s offer a potential solution to this problem.

For a well-designed hybrid, O/F shift has a very small impact on performance because Isp is insensitive to O/F near the peak.

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