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As Mars has cooled, its core has solidified and its geodynamo stopped. The loss of Mars' magnetic field allowed more solar energy to reach the surface. That solar radiation heat dissipated the surface water and atmosphere.

Also, because Mars' gravitational field is not as strong as earth's, it was much easier for atoms and molecules at the top of the atmosphere to escape to space. Over millions of years this process led to the loss of most of Mars' atmosphere.

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