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Scientists believe the magnetic patterns observed in geological formations are primarily due to the process of seafloor spreading and the Earth's magnetic field reversals. As magma rises at mid-ocean ridges and solidifies, it records the Earth's magnetic orientation at that time. When the magnetic field reverses, new rock layers form with the opposite magnetic orientation, creating a symmetrical pattern on either side of the ridge. This evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics and helps explain the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates.

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