The term is "absolute magnitude".
Brightness of stars (apparent and absolute magnitude) is measured by convention, taking an another star as a standard.
No. Stars vary greatly in size and brightness.
Variable stars and main sequence stars can have similar brightness. Variable stars, like Cepheid variables, can fluctuate in brightness over time, while main sequence stars maintain a relatively stable brightness due to their fusion processes.
A star's brightness is known as its magnitude. Stars with lower magnitude numbers are brighter than stars with a higher magnitude number.
Temperature of stars is indicated by their color, with blue stars being hotter than red stars. Brightness of stars is indicated by their luminosity, which is how much light a star emits.
Supernova
Brightness of stars (apparent and absolute magnitude) is measured by convention, taking an another star as a standard.
No. Stars vary greatly in size and brightness.
Two stars revolving around one another (around their center of mass, to be precise) are called a "binary star". There is no special name for the case that the brightness is unequal; this is actually the usual case.
Variable stars and main sequence stars can have similar brightness. Variable stars, like Cepheid variables, can fluctuate in brightness over time, while main sequence stars maintain a relatively stable brightness due to their fusion processes.
A star's brightness is known as its magnitude. Stars with lower magnitude numbers are brighter than stars with a higher magnitude number.
Temperature of stars is indicated by their color, with blue stars being hotter than red stars. Brightness of stars is indicated by their luminosity, which is how much light a star emits.
Double stars, or a Super Nova, or a comet that is close to Earth the Moon and of course Venus. The morning, evening "Star". Actually you have to distinguish between apparent brightness (as seen from Earth) and absolute brightness (as seen from a standard distance). In apparent brightness, Venus, Jupiter and Mars are brighter than any star - but their real brightness is much less. In absolute terms, some things that are brighter than single stars are groups of stars (double stars, star clusters, galaxies, galaxy clusters), exploding stars (novae, supernovae, hypernovae); and quasars.
Magnitude.
no
The brightness is very similar to the temperature, the brightness relies on the temperature
Size and temperature determine the brightness of stars.