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The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a scatter graph of stars in which a star's luminosity (brightness) is plotted against its colour (temperature). Stars are not distributed all over this chart. A majority of stars lie on or near the diagonal which goes from top left (hot and bright) to bottom left (cooler and less bright). These are the main sequence stars.

There are also white dwarfs which are below the main sequence whereas stars which are giants and super giants lie in the region above the main sequence.


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