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The process called photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and energy from the Sun's rays to separate out carbon and oxygen. The carbon is used to form the long organic molecules that make up the body of the plant, while the oxygen is mainly released back into the atmosphere. That's how we have oxygen to breathe, and without plants mammal life would never have been possible.

Later the plant tissue (e.g. wood) can be burned, and this reunites the carbon and oxygen atoms to produce heat and carbon dioxide. This can also happen after millions of years after the plants have decomposd and fossilised, and this is the origin of the term 'fossil fuel'.

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