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During the red giant phase, hydrogen fusion occurs in the shell surrounding the helium core. The core is no longer fusing hydrogen, as it has already converted most of its hydrogen into helium. This causes the outer layers of the star to expand and cool, leading to the red giant phase.

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A blue giant star goes through multiple stages during its life cycle: formation from a collapsing nebula, main sequence where it fuses hydrogen into helium, red giant phase where it expands and fuses heavier elements, and finally, depending on its mass, it may end as a supernova or a black hole.


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