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Before a star becomes a red giant, it typically undergoes a process of hydrogen fusion in its core, where hydrogen is converted into helium. As the hydrogen supply depletes, the core contracts under gravity, leading to increased temperature and pressure, which triggers the fusion of helium and other heavier elements in shells around the core. This process causes the outer layers of the star to expand and cool, transforming it into a red giant. The star's luminosity increases significantly during this phase, as it moves off the main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

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1mo ago

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