There is no special term except that the object is a member of the solar system. Millions of objects, (heavenly bodies) orbit the sun at varying distances going way out beyond the orbit of Neptune. Just a very very few (8, currently) are classed as planets.
The sun is a star.
the sun
Sun
The sun.
sun and earth
As an orbiter of the Earth, and as a heavenly body within the gravitational pull of the Sun (heliocentricity).
Planet.
Some do and some don't. Some planets have more then one moon. By definition a heavenly body that circulate another heavenly body is called a moon. A heavenly body that circulates a star (sun) is called a planet.
The sun is the heavenly body that has flares and prominences. Sunspots and solar wind are other natural phenomena associated with the sun.
the sun
Sun
The sun.
sun and earth
It's the Moon.
As an orbiter of the Earth, and as a heavenly body within the gravitational pull of the Sun (heliocentricity).
The week is larger than a day and not based on any heavenly body (sun, moon, constellations, etc).
An orbit around the sun is that of a heavenly body, such as a planet, that is mdkjhattracted to the gravitational pull from the sun. The sun is the largest object in the solar system so its gravitational pull is the strongest. The heavenly bodies go around the sun not making a circle, but an oval.
Heavenly bodies, by their very definition, are not "in the world" - they are in the heavens - that is, they are out of this world. Heavenly bodies include the Sun, the moon, the planets of the solar system and other stars and their planets. They are - literally - too many to count.