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The coma is the cloud of gas and dust that surrounds the nucleus of a comet. This is caused by the Sun heating the icy surface of the comet, which sublimates into gas and throws off dust. Some comets have small explosions, almost like eruptions, when a particularly dense pocket of gas erupts from the nucleus.

The dust and gas, being so light, is carried away by the solar wind to form the tail of the comet. It's an interesting fact that the tail of the comet always points AWAY from the Sun, so on its way out into space, the comet is actually moving tail-first.

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