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The angle of the Sun in the sky, its maximum height above the horizon, depends on a measurement called its declination, which varies over a range of ±23.5 degrees.

The Sun's declination is zero at the equinoxes, and is +23.5 degrees at the summer solstice (in the northern hemisphere), the longest day, and -23.5 degrees at the winter solstice, the shortest day.

Declination is the Sun's latitude on the celestial sphere, and the declination of any obect is equal to the latitude of a set of points along a line of latitude on the Earth's surface at which it passes overhead.

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