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The orbit of Mercury is elliptical. This means that its orbit travels the path of an ellipse, and isn't always the same distance from the Sun.

When Mercury makes its closest approach to the Sun, astronomers call this perihelion. So, the perihelion of Mercury is 46 million kilometers (29 million miles), or 0.307 astronomical units (1 AU is the distance from the Sun to the Earth).

The furthest point of a planet's orbit is called the aphelion. So in the case of Mercury, its furthest point stretches out to 70 million km (44 million miles), or 0.466 astronomical units.

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Depending on where Mercury is relative to the Earth as the two planets orbit the sun, the distance from Mercury to Earth varies from 77.3x106km (or 48.0x106 miles) to 221.9x106km (or 137.9x106 miles).


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