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Communication with spacecraft is by means of radio. Signals travel at the speed of light. At that speed, signal travel one-way to or from the moon takes about 1 and 1/4 seconds. For Mars, depending on where the earth and Mars are in their orbits, radio communication one-way can take up to 22 minutes.

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How is the speed of light measured using a microwave?

The speed of light can be measured using a microwave by sending a microwave signal from one point to another and measuring the time it takes for the signal to travel. By knowing the distance between the two points and the time it takes for the signal to travel, the speed of light can be calculated using the formula speed distance/time.


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