answersLogoWhite

0

The following is written by and according to the U.S. Department of Labor and particular to the education and training required for Physicists and Astronomers. Because most jobs are in basic research and development, a doctoral degree is the usual educational requirement for physicists and astronomers. Master's degree holders qualify for some jobs in applied research and development, whereas bachelor's degree holders often qualify as research assistants or for other occupations related to physics. Education and training. A Ph.D. degree in physics or closely related fiends is typically required for basic research positions, independent research in industry, faculty positions, and advancement to managerial positions. This prepares students for a career in research through rigorous training in theory, methodology, and mathematics. Most physicists specialize in a subfield during graduate school and continue working in that area afterwards. Additional experience and training in a postdoctoral research appointment, although not required, is important for physicists and astronomers aspiring to permanent positions in basic research in universities and government laboratories. Many physics and astronomy Ph.D. holders ultimately teach at the college or university level. Master's degree holders usually do not qualify for basic research positions, but may qualify for many kinds of jobs requiring a physics background, including positions in manufacturing and applied research and development. Increasingly, many master's degree programs are specifically preparing students for physics-related research and development that does not require a Ph.D. degree. These programs teach students specific research skills that can be used in private-industry jobs. In addition, a master's degree coupled with State certification usually qualifies one for teaching jobs in high schools or at 2-year colleges. Those with bachelor's degrees in physics are rarely qualified to fill positions in research or in teaching at the college level. They are, however, usually qualified to work as technicians or research assistants in engineering-related areas, in software development and other scientific fields, or in setting up computer networks and sophisticated laboratory equipment. Increasingly, some may qualify for applied research jobs in private industry or take on nontraditional physics roles, often in computer science, such as systems analysts or database administrators. Some become science teachers in secondary schools. Holders of a bachelor's or master's degree in astronomy often enter an unrelated field. However, they are also qualified to work in planetariums running science shows, to assist astronomers doing research, and to operate space-based and ground-based telescopes and other astronomical instrumentation. (See the statements on engineers, geoscientists, computer programmers, computer scientists and database administrators, computer software engineers, and computer systems analysts elsewhere in the Handbook.) About 760 colleges and universities offer a bachelor's degree in physics. Undergraduate programs provide a broad background in the natural sciences and mathematics. Typical physics courses include electromagnetism, optics, thermodynamics, atomic physics, and quantum mechanics. Approximately 185 colleges and universities have departments offering Ph.D. degrees in physics; about 70 additional colleges offer a master's as their highest degree in physics. Graduate students usually concentrate in a subfield of physics, such as elementary particles or condensed matter. Many begin studying for their doctorate immediately after receiving their bachelor's degree. About 80 universities grant degrees in astronomy, either through an astronomy, physics, or combined physics-astronomy department. Currently, about 40 astronomy departments are combined with physics departments, and the same number are administered separately. With about 40 doctoral programs in astronomy, applicants face considerable competition for available slots. Those planning a career in the subject should have a strong physics background. In fact, an undergraduate degree in either physics or astronomy is excellent preparation, followed by a Ph.D. in astronomy. Many physics and astronomy Ph.D. holders begin their careers in a postdoctoral research position, in which they may work with experienced physicists as they continue to learn about their specialties or develop a broader understanding of related areas of research. Initial work may be under the close supervision of senior scientists. As they gain experience, physicists perform increasingly complex tasks and achieve greater independence in their work. Experience, either in academic laboratories or through internships, fellowships, or work-study programs in industry, also is useful. Some employers of research physicists, particularly in the information technology industry, prefer to hire individuals with several years of postdoctoral experience. Other qualifications. Mathematical ability, problem-solving and analytical skills, an inquisitive mind, imagination, and initiative are important traits for anyone planning a career in physics or astronomy. Prospective physicists who hope to work in industrial laboratories applying physics knowledge to practical problems should broaden their educational background to include courses outside of physics, such as economics, information technology, and business management. Good oral and written communication skills also are important because many physicists work as part of a team, write research papers or proposals, or have contact with clients or customers with nonphysics backgrounds. Advancement.Advancement among physicists and astronomers usually takes the form of greater independence in their work, larger budgets, or tenure in university positions. Others choose to move into managerial positions and become natural science managers (listed elsewhere in the Handbook). Those who pursue management careers spend more time preparing budgets and schedules. Those who develop new products or processes sometimes form their own companies or join new firms to develop these ideas. For the source and more detailed information concerning your request, click on the related links section (U.S. Department of Labor) indicated directly below this answer section.

User Avatar

Wiki User

14y ago

What else can I help you with?

Related Questions

What school exams has Selena Gomez got?

She has gotten the Michael Jo approval (: She will get a Tennis schooling,a dart throwing schooling,a hide and seek schooling,a fishing schooling,a paper airplane schooling,a kissing schooling,a singing schooling,a arm wrestling schooling,Love schooling etc(: What Lol(:


Did Hammurabi go to school?

yes. they put the captured elite Hebrews into their education system. They were shadrach, mischak, and abednego. They were big in the study of the stars, astronomy.


What has the author Gerald North written?

Gerald North has written: 'Astronomy in depth' -- subject(s): Astronomy 'Mastering Astronomy' 'Astronomy explained' -- subject(s): Astronomy 'Mastering astronomy'


What is an astronomy satellite?

Probably a satellite used for astronomy observations.Probably a satellite used for astronomy observations.Probably a satellite used for astronomy observations.Probably a satellite used for astronomy observations.


What is the name for study of stars?

The proper name for the study of stars is astronomy. A person who studies stars is an astronomer.


What Schooling?

Schooling is education or when you are learning something.


What do you call the study of planets and stars?

Anything outside the Earth is astronomy.


What is the study of positions dimensions motion and evolution of celestial bodies?

astronomy, astrophysics


Where did Rabindranath Tagore got his schooling?

Home schooling


What has the author J B Sidgwick written?

J. B. Sidgwick has written: 'Introducing astronomy' -- subject(s): Astronomy, Constellations 'Astronomy for night watchers' -- subject(s): Astronomy 'Observational astronomy for amateurs' -- subject(s): Astronomy, Observers' manuals


What kind of schooling do you need to become a bail bondsman?

There is no schooling. just a business license. but schooling may be helpful


What has the author Laurence W Fredrick written?

Laurence W. Fredrick has written: 'Astronomy' -- subject(s): Astronomy 'An introduction to astronomy' -- subject(s): Astronomy